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ABOUT US

School:
Temasek Polytechnic
(Food Science & Nutrition)

Names
Alicia Chee(TA03)
Chin Ying(TA01)
Lynnette Heng(TA01)
Lorelle Ang(TA01)
Levina Tay(TA01)
Nicholas Tan(TA03)

Subject: PBPN

Topic:Immunology


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Sunday, February 7, 2010
~Introduction~

Question 4: Women outlive men and have a more aggressive immune system than males; this is probably the reason for the greater occurrence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in females. Discuss the following:
a. SLE and its implications for health
b. Causation of autoimmune type 1 Diabetes Mellitus


Why Women Have a More Aggressive Immune System Than Men?
Out of 9 million individuals with autoimmune disease in US, around 6.7millions are women. This shows that inclinations towards autoimmunity is more visible in some disease than others. For instance, the female-to-male ratio of individuals who suffered from disease such as Rheumatoid Arthritis is about 2-3 females to 1 male. In other words, there are 9 women for every man afflicted with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). The reason behind why women were more prone to autoimmune diseases was not explained. However, there are some considerable evidence that suggests that there is significant gender differences in immune response between both human and mices.

Studies suggest that females produces a higher titre of anti-bodies than males. Thus, females tend to mount more vigorous immune response. This is particularly apparent in young females. Women tend to have higher level of CD4+ cells and serum IgM. In mice, the studies suggest that female mice are more likely to develop TH1 responses and, in infections for which inflammatory TH1 responses are beneficial.

Estradiol or testoterone can alter the outcome of infection by CV-3 (coxsackie virus type B-3: an etiological agent of immume myocarditis). Estrogen plays an important role in SLE. It was suggested that estrogen can stimulate anti-body production in SLE-prone mice and effects can be regulated by an anti-estrogenic compound. In another words, estrogen is capable of triggering SLE-like-autoimmunity.

Reference
[Thomas J.Kindt, Richard A.Aoldsby & Barbara A. Osborne. (2007) Kuby Immunology 6th edition. US: Wt. Freeman and company.]

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