<body><script type="text/javascript"> function setAttributeOnload(object, attribute, val) { if(window.addEventListener) { window.addEventListener('load', function(){ object[attribute] = val; }, false); } else { window.attachEvent('onload', function(){ object[attribute] = val; }); } } </script> <div id="navbar-iframe-container"></div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/platform.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> gapi.load("gapi.iframes:gapi.iframes.style.bubble", function() { if (gapi.iframes && gapi.iframes.getContext) { gapi.iframes.getContext().openChild({ url: 'https://www.blogger.com/navbar.g?targetBlogID\x3d4362049108975639857\x26blogName\x3dee+mu+no+lor+gee\x26publishMode\x3dPUBLISH_MODE_BLOGSPOT\x26navbarType\x3dBLUE\x26layoutType\x3dCLASSIC\x26searchRoot\x3dhttps://mellitus-immunology.blogspot.com/search\x26blogLocale\x3den\x26v\x3d2\x26homepageUrl\x3dhttp://mellitus-immunology.blogspot.com/\x26vt\x3d-4887542384949716877', where: document.getElementById("navbar-iframe-container"), id: "navbar-iframe" }); } }); </script> doctor
ABOUT US

School:
Temasek Polytechnic
(Food Science & Nutrition)

Names
Alicia Chee(TA03)
Chin Ying(TA01)
Lynnette Heng(TA01)
Lorelle Ang(TA01)
Levina Tay(TA01)
Nicholas Tan(TA03)

Subject: PBPN

Topic:Immunology


Photobucket
Sunday, February 7, 2010
~Whats are the effect of estrogen on immunological functions?~



Females have higher levels of "cell-mediated immunity" (CMI) than males. Steriod is being described as depressing CMI. On the other hand, estrogen is reported to amplify humoral immunity. Females have higher immunoglobulin titres, as well as increased primary and secondary immunological responses to a number of pathogens. These pathogens causes rise in getting hepatitis B and rubella. The increased immune responses in females is reflected on the high incidence of autoimmune diseases like SLE.


Individuals with SLE produces high level of 16 α- hydroxyestrone. This steriod binds with high affinity to estrogen receptors. In SLE, the increased level of 16 α- hydroxyestrone further impairs lymphocyte suppressor function, and thus, enhances auto-antibody production . Besides this, estrogen also increases synthesis of anti-bodies by controlling regulation of T cells.

In females, during their menstrual cycle, the changes in estrogen and progesterone levels are correlated with alterations in the severity of SLE. The worst symptoms of the disease is during luteal phase. (Luteal phase - from ovulation to the beginning of the next menstrual flow.) In addition, SLE is aggravated by estrogen/progestin containing oral contraceptives. This is evident when patients take in Tamofixen, is a competitive estrogen antagonist. Thus, it is ineffective in alleviating disease symptoms.

Reference
[ppornelubio.(2007, May 04) Cell Mediated Immune Response [Video File] Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tBOmG0QMbA&feature=player_embedded]

[James A. Marsh & Marion D.Kendall (1996) The Physiology of Immunity. United State of America: CRC Press]

0 Comments:

Post a Comment