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ABOUT US

School:
Temasek Polytechnic
(Food Science & Nutrition)

Names
Alicia Chee(TA03)
Chin Ying(TA01)
Lynnette Heng(TA01)
Lorelle Ang(TA01)
Levina Tay(TA01)
Nicholas Tan(TA03)

Subject: PBPN

Topic:Immunology


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Sunday, February 7, 2010
~Sex steriods and immune responses~

Why do sex steroids affect immune responses?


Hormone cytoplasmic receptor

Hormones circulating throughout the body can alter immune responses by altering the patterns of genes expression. Hormones, being lipophilic, can pass through cell membrane and bind to cytoplasmic receptor. Each hormone has a specific cognate receptor. The binding of hormone receptors leads to the activation of repression of gene expression. Estrogen enters the cell and binds to its receptor. This induces the binding of estrogen receptor to specific DNA sequence which result in modulation of transcription.


However, hormonal effects on immune responses may not be restricted to sterodial sex hormone. Prolactin is not a memeber of the steriod family. Women has higher levels of prolactin as compared to Men. However, prolactin secretion is stimulated by estrogen, thus, it explains why women has higher level of prolactin. Prolactin was found to have profound influence on immune responses. The presence of prolactin receptors on peripheral T and B cells in humans plays an important role in regulating immune responses.

Reference
[GettyImages(2010)Woman Thinking. Retrieved from http://www.gettyimages.com/]

[Student reader (no date) Endocrinology Introduction. Retrieved from http://studentreader.com/category/anatomy-physiology/hormones/ on 4 Feb 2010]

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